Partial Transcript: In May, Frank and four other Nisei were the advance crew to set up Tule Lake. Frank created the newspaper at the camp called Tulean Dispatch. In September, he went to Idaho to work on a farm picking apples. He recalls experiencing discrimination on the way to the farm. Frank first experienced a restaurant refusing to serve Japanese Americans. Later, the bus offered a ride to a hitchhiker but refused to ride with Japanese Americans. At the farm, Frank settled in.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: "evacuation"; discrimination; Executive Order 9066; farming; forced removal; Japanese Americans; Nisei; relocation centers; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: One night at the farm, Frank went to a Japanese restaurant in Ontario run by Fujita. Fujita was Frank's first foreman at a cannery in Alaska. Frank and his friends were not allowed to leave the farm compound and were arrested by the Sheriffs. After the apple harvest, Frank returned to Tule Lake to teach literature at a high school. Frank did not have books. Therefore, the literature class was more of a discussion about literature. Frank has not seen his parents in a long time and asks for a transfer to Minidoka. In February 1943, Frank arrived in Minidoka and worked for the Minidoka Irrigator. In May, he received a job offer to work in Chicago for the American Lab Area Association.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: "evacuation"; farming; Idaho; Issei parents; Japanese Americans; newspaper; Nisei; relocation centers; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: Before the war, Frank has writing experience. In high school, he wrote for the high school newspaper. Moreover, Frank submitted articles to the North American Times English section. At the University of Washington, he majored in English Literature and worked at the Japanese American Courier in the evenings. Frank continued his passion for writing at Tule Lake by starting Tulean Dispatch newspaper. Later, Frank left Minidoka and went to Chicago for a job. He stopped by the WRA Office and recognized the Director. The Director of the WRA was also the former Director of Tule Lake. Frank worked at the American Library Association from May to December. In December, Frank volunteered for the Army and was inducted.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: childhood activities; employment; high school; Japanese Americans; Nisei; Tule Lake; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: Frank enlisted in the Army and had a 30 day leave. Frank looked for a job and worked at a warehouse. In February, Frank reported to Fort Sheridan for the nine-month language school. Frank discusses the loyalty questionnaire. In the middle year of 1944, a loyalty questionnaire was given at Tule Lake. However, Frank left in February 1944. He did not know about the segregation camp until much later.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Japanese American soldiers; loyalty; Military Intelligence Service Language School; Nisei; Nisei soldiers; Tule Lake

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Partial Transcript: Frank moved to Chicago and lived at the YMCA. Later he moved to an apartment with Nisei and Nikkei. Everyone got along well, and on the weekends, they would go to the Southside. Frank recalls the loyalty questionnaire. Later, Frank decided to volunteer in the Army. Frank went to Camp Savage for the language school for nine months.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: barracks; employment; Japanese Americans; Kibei; Military Intelligence Service Language School; Minidoka; Nisei; social activities; Tule Lake; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: Frank recalls after nine months of language school at Camp Savage. The hardest part was learning kanji. After graduating from language school, Frank went to basic training at Fort McClellan for eight weeks. Then he went to the Turkey Farm at Fort Snelling before going overseas. When Frank was being discharged at Zama, he was recruited by Allied Translator and interpreter Section (ATIS) as Department of Army Civilian.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Allied Translator and Interpreter Section; Americans of Japanese Ancestry; discharge; Fort McClellan; Fort Snelling; Japanese language school; Military Intelligence Service Language School; Nisei

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Partial Transcript: When Frank went overseas on a victory ship. His living quarters were on the bottom deck for the T5 ranks. Frank recalls having KP duty. Frank did not know where their destination was except for Asia. Later Frank has a change of orders to go to China. Then the orders changed again, and Frank went to India. He was on the ship for a month before arriving in Kolkata. Frank was stationed outside Kolkata for jungle training. After a week or two, Frank went to New Delhi for translation and interrogation. In August, Frank received orders to go to Kunming.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Japanese American soldiers; Japanese Americans; Military Intelligence Service; Nisei; Nisei soldiers; World War Two

Subjects:

Partial Transcript: Frank recalls hearing the war ended when he was in Kolkata. Later he went to Kunming. Frank and his partner George Kako received orders to go to Beijing, China.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Japanese American soldiers; Military Intelligence Service; Nisei; Nisei soldiers; World War Two

Subjects:

Partial Transcript: After Japan surrendered, Frank's trip to Nanjing was delayed, and he stayed in Kunming for another week. When Frank arrived in Nanjing, his assignment was to do translation work. However, the Chinese communists were in Nanjing and did not want any Americans to come in. Therefore, Frank and his partner went to Shanghai. Frank got sick for three days and was late reporting for duty. As punishment, Frank and George were sent to Japan for the occupation.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Japanese American soldiers; Nanking; Nisei; Nisei soldiers; occupation

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Partial Transcript: In October 1945, Frank and George went to Okinawa. Franks was assigned to Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS) and tasked to take the 77th Infantry Division Language Team to Sapporo. In May, the 77th Infantry Division was deactivated and replaced by the 11th Airborne Division. Frank was transferred to the headquarters company to the Airborne Division. Frank was given the choice to stay on duty or go back to the United States. Franked opted to go to the Replacement Depot at Camp Zama. Later, he learned there were positions opened at ATIS as Department of Army Civilians. Frank decided to take his discharges at Camp Zama and work for the Department of Army Civilian at ATIS.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Allied Translator and Interpreter Section; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei; Nisei soldiers; occupation

Subjects:

Partial Transcript: At Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS), Frank was assigned to the news section working from 4pm to midnight translating. Frank recalls making acquaintance with Prince Kuni Kuniyoshi and sharing the Japanese American experience in the United States as a Nisei. Prince Kuni did not talk about the war except for his suites in Manila was used for General MacArthur.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Japanese Americans; Nisei; occupation; Philippines; translation

Subjects:

Partial Transcript: Working in the press section at ATIS, Frank made many friends with reporters. He recalls Yoshimura, an engineer chemist in the Japanese Air Force, was friends with Prince Kuni. Frank made connections with Prince Kuni through Yoshimura. Yoshimura developed fuel from pine needles. Yoshimura did many projects, such as making soap to wash GI clothing and Win Cola. Frank said Yoshimura had many connections. In 1956, Frank left ATIS.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Japanese Americans; Nisei; occupation

Subjects:

Partial Transcript: Working at ATIS, Frank meets many people. He recalls making friends with one local, Mr. Tanaka, and becoming close friends. They would play pool, mountain climb and golf together. Other times, Frank spends time with Yoshimura. In 1956, Frank left ATIS. At ATIS, he worked in the news section translating the Japanese press.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Americans of Japanese Ancestry; friendship; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei; social activities

Subjects:

Partial Transcript: When Frank worked at Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS), he was a civilian. Frank was discharged from the Army at Camp Zama. From May 1946 until 1956, Frank worked for the federal service. The Army Occupation of Japan ended in 1952. Later, Frank worked for the International News Service (INS). When Frank worked for INS, he worked with Warren Iwataki. Warren worked at the copy desk taking stories. Frank was a reporter working on stories.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Allied Translator and Interpreter Section; Americans of Japanese Ancestry; Nisei; occupation

Subjects:

Partial Transcript: Frank recalls his tenure at INS. The highlight of his career was the Gerard Case. Gerard was an enlisted man living at an Army base north of Tokyo. His duty was to guard the equipment at the rifle range. One day, Gerard shot a Japanese local at the rifle range collecting rifle shells. This case became controversial due to jurisdiction (Army or Japan). The American Court decided the Japanese Court had jurisdiction. Gerard's family hired a Japanese lawyer to defend him in the trial. However, Gerard was found guilty and sentenced to three years in prison with a stay of execution and probation for five years. Gerard had two weeks to decide to appeal the court decision. Frank recalls having the advantage of getting the news before other news agencies.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Japanese Americans; Nisei; post-war

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Partial Transcript: Another highlight for Frank in his career with working on the Bob Hope Christmas Show and escorting celebrities. Frank mentioned INS was part of the Hearst Newspaper. Frank recalls Elizabeth Taylor and her husband, Mike Todd were on a world tour. They received bad PR in Australia. Therefore when they arrived in Japan, they did not want any American press at the press conference. After the press conference, Mike Todd offered Frank a job as his publicist. However, Mike passed away in an airplane crash.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Japanese Americans; Nisei

Subjects:

Partial Transcript: Frank remained at INS until 1958 when it merged with United Press. Frank lost his job and returned to Seattle, WA. Warren Iwataki went to work at the Embassy with USIS. In 1947, Frank met his wife through family friends and later married. Frank recollects the devastation of Tokyo and Okinawa from the atomic bomb. In 1959, Frank worked as an Information Specialist/ News Writer for the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: Allied Translator and Interpreter Section; atomic bomb; dating; Japanese Americans; Nisei; wedding

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