Partial Transcript: Frank said in the beginning of the war, he could not distinguish the artillery shells from the coming in or coming out. However, after some time on the line, he could tell the difference. Frank recalls a time in Pisa and was given wrong information by a native. Frank encountered artillery fire and effected his hearing for a few days. The German 88 was a scary weapon.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: artillery; artillery fire; civilians; European Theater; German soldiers; Italy; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei soldiers; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: Frank recalls close encounters with bombs. In Pisa, his squad was on an opposite side of a bombed bridge when they walked through a minefield. He remembers walking carefully through the minefield. Another time, Frank missed stepping on a bouncing betty while on patrol. Frank discusses when your number is up in war. He gives an example of his gunner assistant and the radio operator.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: 442nd; European Theater; Italy; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei soldiers; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: During R and R, the Division sent some engineers to explain the mechanics of German landmines, and later there was an explosion. Frank and his squad had to recover body parts. Frank mentioned the German had placed wooden landmines that were hard to detect. These wooden landmines could blow off your foot.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: 442nd; casualty; European Theater; fishing; Italy; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei soldiers; schu-mine; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: Frank discusses the nights in Italy and the noises you can hear. He recalls being wounded by a grenade and playing dead. When it was safe to get up, he used his rifle as a crutch and returned to his team.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: 442nd; European Theater; German soldiers; Italy; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei soldiers; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: Frank describes his wounds from a grenade. The litter-bearers took Frank back to the Company, and then he was loaded onto a Jeep. The procedure for a wounded soldier was to be checked out by the Battalion Aide and perform any medical service as necessary. Then the soldier is transferred to the Regiment for a checkup before going to a Collecting Station and then a field hospital. Frank went to a hospital in Rome to treat his injuries. At the field hospital, Frank recalls someone making jokes, and it was painful to laugh.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: European Theater; hospital; Italy; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei soldiers; shrapnel

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Partial Transcript: Frank was in the hospital for four months. After being discharged from the hospital, he was reclassified into limited service. Frank went to the replacement center outside Naples, Italy, and he was shipped to Marseilles, France, and assigned as assistant to a Supply Sergeant. Frank recalls seeing some of I Company guys when he was in Nancy. After Nancy, Frank was sent to Berlin to supply transportation for officers attending a conference.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: France; Germany; Italy; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei soldiers; Rome; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: Frank had a pass that allowed him to travel anywhere in East Berlin. When the war ended, Frank was in Germany. He recalls getting souvenirs from a shoe factory and a piece of marble from Hitler's desk. Also, he has pictures from wartime.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: European Theater; Germany; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei soldiers; photographs; World War Two

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Partial Transcript: Frank discusses the difference between German and the French attitude after the war. Frank recalls being on guard duty and seeing locals looking for food in the trash bins to survive. On January 15, 1946, Frank was discharged and arrived in New York. He describes the feeling of seeing the Statue of Liberty for the first time. He returned home to San Jose, CA, and went to his friend's home. Frank did not know where his parents were.

Segment Synopsis:

Keywords: discharge; European Theater; Germany; homecoming; Issei parents; Japanese American soldiers; Nisei; Nisei soldiers; Nisei veterans; World War Two

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